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Is hole in head disease only found in cichlids and oscars?
Because I think my Red tail shark has it.
He has small, pin sized holes behind his gils on both sides of his body.
No, It's more like a vertical line on each side, right behind the gils.
Any fish with a lateral line organ can get hole in the head disease. Its just highly prevalent in south american cichlids because the misconceptions about how to feed and house them lead to it more often.
The lateral line is the electro-sensory organ that has little pin-holes along the fish's body lengthwise. They also occur on the forehead. Fish use the lateral line to sense vibration in the water caused by moving objects so that they can react to things approaching them.
The lateral line is normally a visible part of most fish. They look like little pin holes. Its only when they start to rot like something's eating them that its a problem. They would turn grey around the edges and grow in width and depth, acquiring an irregular shape along all dimensions.
I'm not farmilliar with red tailed sharks in particular, but most fish have lateral line holes exactly like you described.
Fish will often get infections in their lateral line if kept in water with high nitrates for too long. Nitrates above 40ppm is the point at which most south american cichlids will be susceptible to the illness. Other fish probably vary in tolerance to high nitrates.
Low vitamin D and low vitamin B1 in the fish's diet can cause it also. Ditto with insufficient sunlight.
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